National Park "Elbrusye". Hazal Park Elbrus Animals Elbrusya

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Text Content Slides Presentation: National Park "Elbrusie" The main tasks of the National Park "Prielbrusye": the preservation of reference and unique natural complexes and objects, as well as monuments of history, culture and other cultural heritage sites; creating conditions for regulated tourism and recreation in natural conditions;. Development and introduction of scientific methods for preserving natural complexes in the conditions of recreational use; organization of environmental education of the population; environmental monitoring. The unique nature of the Elbrusy attracts tourists from all over the world who want to enjoy the view of the majestic Elbrus, snow-covered mountain peaks, the picturesque gorges of the North Caucasus. Warranty landscapes, purest mountain air, mineral springs sparkling on the bright Sun snow - all this is here in sufficiency. For the preservation of this unique natural complex and the development of sustainable tourism in 1986, the National Park "Elbrusie" was 101 thousand hectares. The territory of the National Park is located in the Central Caucasus area, includes part of the main Caucasian and lateral ridges. The most famous object of the National Park - Mount Elbrus (6542 and 5621 meters). It is an extinct volcano, on the eastern vertex of which there is a selection of sulfur gas, - signs of not yet faded volcanic activity. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe mountain, lava flows, which flowed from the valleys of major rivers are widely developed. In the Malka River Valley, the Lava Flow Length is 23 km. About 15% of the entire territory of the park is occupied by glaciers and snow in the territory of the National Park Climate, in general, moderately continental, cold in winter and hot summer. Very complex area relief, a significant difference in absolute heights above sea level, the influence of glaciers, the proximity of the Black Sea and the large amount of air exchange with a free atmosphere - all this ensures a rather sharp difference between the climatic features of this region from others. The coldest month is February with a temperature of -17.7s at an altitude of 4100 meters above sea level and -3.4c at a height of 1467 meters. In August, the temperature at an altitude of 1467 meters equals + 17.0 ° C, and 2,600 meters above + 0.2С. Calimat of the National Park of Elbrusye: the reservoirs of the National Park of Elbrusye: two main rivers flow around the territory: Malka and her right influx, p. Baksan. Other large tributaries R. Malka: Kyzyl-Cole, Shau-Cole, Ingush, Harbaz, etc. The main tributaries r. Baksan: Terekol, Donguz-Obune-Baksan, Yusung, Adyl-Sous, Irik Chat, Kurschi, Gubasanty Su, Adyr-Su, Syltran, Kyrgyk, Chemas, etc. Rivers form picturesque mountain gorges. The most visited Rererantamine-Supervisa R. Malka (Gille-Su), Adyl-Su, Adyir-Su.V. In the limits of the territory of Elbrusya, more than 100 sources of mineral waters are concentrated in the upper reaches of PP. Malka and Baksan. The Malka Group includes sources located in the Gil-Su's tract, to the Urik, Adyl-Suh, Kyrgyk, as well as in the upper reaches of R. Baksan (Achi Su and Polyana Narzanov). The most powerful, easily accessible and visited recreants is a group of sources of Baksan-Bashi-Ull-Gara, which emerge on the River Bank of the Baksan River (Polyana Narzanov). In the upper reaches of the rivers, many lakes. They are mainly a glycal type. Such moraine lakes are usually among the glaciers. These include Lakes Azaau, Bashkara and others. The most beautiful of them is about. Donguz-Obun-Koyl. It is located on the southeastern slope of Gamet. One of the most interesting lakes is about. Syltran-Koyl, located in the upper reaches R. Syltran, left inflow R. Baksan. This is a lake in contrast to other tectonic origin. On the rivers Elbrusya many beautiful waterfalls. Only in the tract of Jil-Soo in the upper reaches of R. Malki are several of them. The most beautiful and large - Sultan waterfall. It falls from a height of more than forty meters. In the upper reaches, R. Baksan also has waterfalls on PP. Azaau, Garabashi, Terskol. The Waterfall "Devicious Spit" on R. Gara-Basi is listed in the book "100 most beautiful waterfalls of the world." The exceptional variety of relief, temperature, moisturizing, soil, contribute to the development of a wide variety of landscapes. The disunity of individual gorges and Kotlovin contributes to the formation of endemic and preservation of relic species. For the nature of the park, a combination in the animal and vegetable world of species typical of the steppe, Mediterranean regions of anterior Asia is characteristic. The vertical climate zonality causes the vertical expectation of plant cover. The main waist types of vegetation of the National Park are: Nival, subnivalny, Alpine subalpic, mining and mountain-steppe. The prevailing type of vegetable cover are meadows. The powerful belt of coniferous forests is replaced by the uninforcing strip of wood-shrub edded, which are gradually moving into the subalpine belt, and then alpine meadows. The latter are directly adjacent to snowflakes and fibilic fields. Flora of flowering and higher vascular plants of Kabardino-Balkaria numbers about 3,000 species, which is 50% of species growing in the Caucasus as a whole. The most attractive alpine and subalpine meadows with a height of therapy, respectively, 8-15 cm and from 40-50 to 70-80 cm. There are many of rare plants a lot of endemics of the Caucasus: Nefedova bell (lat. Campanula Nefedovii), Nut small (lat. Cicer minutum) , Wolter Baksanica (lat. Daphne Baksanica), Single Latvaya Lilia (Latin. Lilium Monadelphum), Sconnack Dinnik (lat. SaxiFraga Diimikii), Saxifraga Diimikii (Latin. Potentilla Divina), Olympic catchment (lat. Aquilegia Olympica) . Pulsatilla Albana), Dolomitic's bell (lat. Campanula Dolomitica) and others. A specially protected view of the mountain-meadow subalpine landscape is Rhododendron Caucasian (Lat. Rhododendron Caucasicum) - evergreen shrub from the Vereskovykhlore family and vegetation of the National Park of Elbrusy: Plant species included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Covenate: Birch Radda / Betula RaddeanAvachnik (Mascolic) Bakshanic / Daphne BaksanicaCran (Clavkin AGA ColumnarAccolter Dolomite / Campanula DolomiticaBeor Caucasian / Fritillaria Caucasica Fauna and Animal World of National Park Elbrusy: Fauna National Park is rich and has 63 species of mammals, 111 species of birds, 11 species of reptiles, 8 types of amphibians, 6 species of fish and a huge amount of insect species. National Park live animals as European wide forests - Forest Cork, European Forest Cat, Brown Bear, Koslya, Many birds, and the steppe zone of Europe - an ordinary Pleum, ordinary hamster, steppe rook, gray partridge and others. Among the endemics of the Caucasus -Caspadnocaucasian tour (Lat. Capra Caucasica), Caucasian Ular (lat. Tetraogallus Caucasicus), Caucasian Tetra (Lat. Lyrus Mlokosiewiczi), Caucasian Ottra (Latra Lutra Lutra Meridionalis) and others. According to 1995 accounting data in the National Park there are 4,600 individuals of the Caucasian Tour (Lat . Capra Caucasica). In mammals, as interesting views in the park, it should be noted sulfur, among fish - trout stream (lat. Salmo Trutta Morpha Fario). Many endemic forms and among insects. So, out of 63 types of day butterflies, 20 species occur only in Elbrus. Animal species included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation: Invertebrates: Mnemosyne / Parnassius mnemosynezemnovodnye: banded newt / Triturus vittatusptitsy: Saker Falcon / Falco cherrugBelogolovy Vulture / Gyps fulvusBerkut / Aquila chrysaetosBorodach / Gypaetus barbatusEvropeysky tyuvik / Accipiter brevipesKavkazsky grouse / Lyrurus mlokosiewicziMogilnik / Aquila heliacaOrlan-tailed Eagle / Haliaeetus albicillaSapsan / Falco peregrinusStervyatnik / Neophron percnopterusCherny vulture / Aegypius monachusmlekopitayuschie: Large horseshoe / Rhinolophus ferrumequinumGigantskaya noctule / Nyctalus lasiopterusKavkazskaya otter / Lutra lutra meridionalisKavkazskaya wildcat / Felis silvestris caucasicaLeopard / Panthera pardusMaly horseshoe / Rhinolophus hipposiderosOstrouhaya bat / Myotis blythiTrehtsvetnaya bat / Myotis emarginatus Tourism: On The territory of the National Park is located 23 recreational institutions, where about 5 thousand can relax in the season. human. Planned tourism is mainly carried out under the auspices of the Elbrus Council on tourism and excursions. Excursions are held on 16 thematic routes. The park has a huge number of wonderful places worthy of visits. This is a variety of nature monuments: Polyana Narzanov, Ripos of the River Malki, Sultan Waterfall, Gil-Su's tract at the foot of Elbrus and others. Monuments of history, archeology and ethnography are presented here by the remnants of residential and economic buildings, burials. At the entrance to the National Park in the Baksansky Gorge, a historical and cultural zone is created with a network of historical and ethnographic excursions and routes, as well as workshops on folk remands. The visit of the park can be combined with a visit to the astronomical and neutrine observatory, the MSU Glasiology Museum of the Educational Base of the Moscow State University is open.

Useful information:

• The territory of Elbrus region gained the status of the National Park in 1986
• Many types of plants in Elbrus are listed in the Red Book
• About 200 species of living creatures live in this region

Nature Elbrusya fascinates with its beauty from the first sights. The highest mountains, picturesque gorges, natural nasal sources, stormy mountain rivers, noisy waterfalls, spacious glads and meadows - this is all belonging to the Plobrus district.

Kabardino Balkarian State Reserve was created in 1976 and since then the plants and animals inhabited in Elbrus are taken under protection.

The foothills of the North Caucasus surprises the soft transitions of the plant world. Such natural metamorphoses are impressive and give amazing emotions from local beauties. Landscapes are changed alone: \u200b\u200bMountain meadows covered with velvet greens, pine forest, strip of wood-shrub plants, mountain ranges, rocky areas.

The plant world has about 3,000 species. Here grow up: spruce, pine, alder, sea buckthorn, mint, chamber, chilli, fennel, rosehip, wormwood, coltsfoot, St. John's wort. Many of the herbs can be used to maintain tone or simply add to tea for flavor and taste.

Not only the vegetable world, but also an animal is rich in Elbrus. In view of the characteristics of the landscape and mountainous terrain, representatives of the fauna live here, which are found only in the mountains of the Caucasus. Many of them are listed in the Red Book.

Unusual representatives of the animal world are a tour and a mountain goat. In Elbrus, there are: Suslik, raccoon dog, wild boar, sulna, jackal, roe, fox, wolf, wild cat, trot, bear. And in pine forests, the priest can see the protein.

In the sky, Elbrusy Eagles, cores, vultures. Berkut (family of hawk), a white-crumped SIP (family of hawk), Poobaan (Family Family) is also the inhabitants of the Salbus sky.

And at the bottom of the village: Dyatlah, Bin, Snegiri, Drozda.

Nature and local attractions of Elbrusya are a unique historical heritage.

The Baksan and Chegemsky Gorge is rightfully considered local attractions, and the nature of them was made by nature. There are high-mountainous gorges at an altitude of about 2,000 meters above sea level. They are also famous and popular they are mostly among the climbers, and the lovers of natural masterpieces is important just to see them.

On the territory of the Kabardino of the Balkarian Republic there is a huge number of natural mineral springs, whose healing properties are known to everyone. Narzannaya water is used for internal reception (drink for rehabilitation) and outdoor (you can take baths). Most of these sources are concentrated in Elbrus.

But still, the "pearl" of Elbrus is rightfully the top of Elbrus. Elbrus is an extinct volcano with 2 cones. Maximum mountain height of 5642 meters above sea level. All year round, the surface of the vertices is covered with centenary glaciers, the thickness of which reaches about 400 meters.

According to Decree of the Government of the RSFSR No. 407 of September 22, 1986, the State Natural National Park "Prielbrucier" (GPNP "Salbrusier") was created in the territory of the Republic of Kabardino - Balkaria within two administrative districts (Solsky and Elbrus) on the basis of Elbrus forestry, in order to preserve the unique Natural complex is Elbrusy and creating conditions for the development of organized recreation, tourism and mountaineering.

In May 1993, the Federal Service for the Forestry of Russia (Rosleshoz) was established for the rational use of Forest Massives of the CBD in the structure of the Ministry of Nature of the CBD, according to the order of the CBD Ministry of Systems from 23. 05. 1993 No. 238.

By order of Roslezhoz from 04. 11. 1995 No. 150 The State Natural National Park "Prielbrusier" was renamed to the National Park "Elbrusie".

By order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation No. 611 of 13. 08. 2004 "On the reloading of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation": FSU National Park "Salbrusier" is subordinated to the Federal Service for Supervision in the field of environmental management.

According to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 2055 from 31. 12. 2008, FSU "National Park" Salbrusier "was transferred to the introduction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

By order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology No. 358 dated 19. 05. 2011, it was renamed the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Park" Elbrusie "

ROLE IN THE PROTECTION OF NATURE

Prerequisites for the creation of a national park were Natural and Social - Economic factors:

1. Complex of favorable climato - balneological factors:

A large number of sunny days (about 300 per year);

The presence of mineral sources;

Drops heights N.M., used in balneological purposes.

2. A variety of relief shapes:

The presence within NP is the highest peak of the Caucasus - Elbrus (5642 and 5621m) and other vertices of the main Caucasian and side ridges;

Deep canyons, mountain rivers, waterfalls;

Extensive plateau in the upper reaches of the Malki River;

Extensive area of \u200b\u200bglaciers and eternal snow.

3. Wide spectrum of high-rise zones: Nival, subnivalny, alpine, subalpine, mountain-forest, mining - steppe.

4. A variety of valuable plant associations and forest ecosystems with typical representatives of the flora and fauna with value in genetic terms.

5. Exotic landscapes formed by endemic vegetation in combination with unique form of relief.

6. The presence of unique monuments of nature (complex, geological - geomorphological, hydrological, botanical) and monuments of history and archeology.

7.Tist and excursion territory.

Currently, the Elbrus is used as:

Union Center of Mountain - Sports Tourism;

The Union and International Center for Mining Skiing;

Union Mountaineering Center;

Excursion center of the population of the North Caucasus and holidaymakers in Kavminvant resorts;

Weekend holiday site for residents of Kabardino - Balkaria.

Recreational

The territory of the park is known as the largest center of mining and sports tourism and skiing.

Especially valuable natural objects

Elbrus is the highest peak of the Caucasus and Russia - enters the group of the highest mountains of Europe. In the park, a huge number of species of plants and animals are concentrated, including rare and disappearing.

Description

Russian Federation. Zone of the Mountain North Caucasus. Forestry National Park "Prielbrusier" is located on the territory of the Elbrus and Solsky municipalities, the Republic of Kabardino - Balkaria. The geographical position is the Central Caucasus, the Mortgage and Alpine Zone (1400-5,642 m) and includes a part of the main Caucasian and lateral ridges. The highest point in the territory of the National Park - Mount Elbrus (5642m)

The central manor is in p. Elbrus, National Park is located in the southern part of the Republic, 125 km from Nalchik.

office OPT:

The nearest locations in the border settlements from which you can get to territory OPT:

He was organized in 1986, September 22. The main goal of its creation is to preserve the unique natural complex of Elbrusye, as well as create conditions for organized mountaineering and recreation.

The protected area is located in the highland and median zone, in the district of the Central Caucasus. The park is part of the lateral and main Caucasian ridges. Within park Elbrusye Several morphological embossed forms can be distinguished: lake-hollow, lava flows, medieval mountain, alpine-glacial relief.

Animal world of National Park Elbrus

In the park you can see animals of European wide forests, which belong to the roar, brown bear, a forest cat, a forest cunnage, and an animal steppe zone - gray partridge, steppe ferret, an ordinary hamster, an ordinary peel. Among the Caucasian endemics there is a Caucasian otter, Caucasian Ular, West Caucasian Tour, Caucasian Tetra and Others. In accordance with the 1995 accounting data, up to 4,600 individuals of the Caucasian tour live on the land of the park of Elbrus.

Of particular interest among mammals represents chamois, and among the fish it is worth noting trout Strike. Among insects also observes many endemic species. So, on the land of the park there are 63 types of day butterflies, of which 20 species can only be found in Elbrus.

Unusual diversity of soils, moisturizing, temperature, relief contributes to the development of various landscapes. Due to the disunity of individual boilinglines and gorges contribute to the formation of endemic species, as well as the preservation of relic species. Nature national Park Elbrusye It is characterized by a combination in the plant and animal world of species characteristic of the Mediterranean and steppe areas of anterior Asia.

Plant world of National Park Elbrusye

The belt of coniferous forests is replaced by an unbreakable strip of wood-shrub eddies, gradually moving into the belt of subalpine and alpine meadows. At the same time, the alpine meadows are directly adjacent to fibilized fields and snowballs. Flora of higher vascular plants and flowering plants Kabardino-Balkaria Approximately 3,000 species are presented - 50% of species that grow in the Caucasus in general. The most attractive subalpine and alpine meadows with a height of grass from 40-50 to 70-80 cm and 8-15 cm, respectively.

Among the rare plants there is a sufficiently large number of endemics of the Caucasus: Dolomite bell, scarlet, Albanian, Olympic waterscence, Magnifier, dinnik, lily. Single-handled, Mascolina Baksansky, Nut, small, Nefedov's bell and others. Rhododendron Caucasian, shrub from the Mereskov family, is a particularly protected appearance of the subalpine mountain-meadow landscape.

Tourist routes and excursions to the National Park of Elbrusie